Millennials, in my experience, frequently rise above the critiques they are receiving
in the media and in pessimistic interpretations of their
values (see, for example, Christian Smith’s Souls in Transition: the
Religious and Spiritual Lives of Emerging Adults). They are often viewed as
morally relativistic, unwilling to make commitments, and socially disconnected.
While these critiques have some validity, they represent a one dimensional
stereotype that needs to be examined further. These young people, born between
1980 and 1999,* have much to teach older generations. What can they teach us?
My response to this question is admittedly limited. This is a blog, not a
dissertation. I offer the following reflections on this question out of my
experience working with college students and as an observer of the contemporary
religious landscape. Let’s look at two broad areas, moral relativism and social
engagement.
Moral Relativism
Eric
Hoffer was a longshoreman with little formal education who became one of the
great American philosophers of the 20th century. In his most famous
book, The True Believer (1951), he
argued that the basic distinction between genuine commitment and fanaticism is
uncertainty. Fanatics are certain. They know all the right answers. Certainty
is dangerous.
Millennials,
generally speaking, seem to be reacting against the dangerous certainty of
previous generations, especially in religion and politics. For example, in American
Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us, authors Robert Putnam and David
Campbell note that young people are increasingly rejecting religious
affiliation BECAUSE of the perception that being Christian means
identifying with the Republican party. Some are now claiming that the religious
right won the battle and lost a generation. This generation’s rejection of
religion is not a rejection of God or spirituality. Overall, they are spiritual (i.e. in surveys they are
willing to describe themselves as “spiritual” and affirm belief in God, but shy
away from the term “religious”). But, they reject the dogma of connecting
religion with specific political issues, or any dogmatic certainty for that
matter. They tend, for instance, to be
“conservative” on abortion and “liberal” on sexual orientation. They recognize
the importance of discernment and reject easy answers.
Their
questioning and discerning process may appear to be moral relativism due to
an unwillingness to give quick answers to complex questions combined, in some
cases, with not-yet-developed critical thinking skills. My observation is that
this stance is not pure relativism; rather, it is an authentic developmental
process of seeking honest answers rather than parroting a previous generation’s
certainties. This “thoughtful relativism” tends to mature over time and eventually
includes some absolute values such as love, justice, and a divine grounding for
life.
What
can my generation learn? We can understand that an unwillingness to parrot
certainty is not the same as moral relativism and is often morally preferable. Face
it, the moral certainty of the 1950’s,
combined with soaring church attendance,
often included racism, patriarchy, heterosexism, and manifest-destiny-nationalism
among the people packing the pews. Pew-packing
and Christ-following are not necessarily equivalent.
If
an older generation wants young people to express their spirituality in the
context of institutional religion, then we are going to have to let go of
dogma, easy answers, and political polarization while embracing diversity,
discernment, dialogue, and uncertainty. Discerning and following the Spirit’s
leadership will have to trump institutional maintenance. Millennials, I believe,
can support strong, growing congregations, but they will do so for the sake of
mission, not institutional maintenance. If our focus is institutional
maintenance, then we will lose the very institutions we want to maintain.
Social Engagement
In a
helpful article entitled, “Millennials are the New Evangelicals,” Duke Divinity
School student Erin Lane writes,
If institutional leaders are
waiting for us to grow-up, have children and offer our static allegiance, they
will miss out on the feverish energy we’re offering now to those who will take
us seriously.
The takeaway here is if you
give us your attention -- which requires that you really listen to, learn from
and lead us -- then we will give you our commitment.
Lane’s
perspective reminds me of Diana Butler Bass’s insight that the paradigm of
church membership has shifted from “believing, behaving, belonging” to “belonging,
behaving, believing.” She describes this reversal in her most recent book, Christianity
After Religion: The End of Church and the Birth of a New Spiritual Awakening.
I can’t do justice to her book in one paragraph, but here is an essential
insight. The old paradigm for religious affiliation was to believe the “right”
things, behave in the “right” way, and then belong. Of course we know, sociologically,
that believing and behaving are largely constructed in a social context, in
belonging. One could argue that believing, behaving, and belonging are really
circular rather than linear. Nevertheless, her point is well taken. The
old-school institutional expectation follows the believe, behave, belong pattern.
This
approach completely misses Millennials. Bass’s argument, consistent with Lane’s
quote mentioned above, is that engaging this generation begins with community,
with belonging. Then, in community, we can engage Christian tradition along
with the contemporary situation to form, reform, and revise beliefs and behaviors.
(In fairness to Bass, note that the emphasis on revisionist theology is mine,
not necessarily hers.)
What can my generation learn? The
problem is not that Millennials are unwilling to be engaged
socially, politically, or religiously. The problem is that our institutions are
set up with a believe, behave, belong expectation that is ill-equipped to
reach young people whose essential approach to life is the reverse, belong,
behave, believe. We have to invite Millennials first to belong, to be
part of community, to have a role in creating community and becoming
stake-holders in beliefs and behaviors. This
approach is in contrast to expecting them to accept beliefs and behaviors because
we said so, the tired line of tired parents who know nothing better to
say.
This
post is long enough. I’m interested in your feedback. I’m going to work with a
colleague to develop a more academic, research grounded version of some of the
ideas here. I do not claim to have covered all the bases, just offered some
ideas for dialogue. Please share your thoughts.
*The parameters of the Millennial generation vary in the
literature. Generally, Millennials are those born between 1980 and 1999.